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      <ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86Git"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">初识Git</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Git-%E7%AE%80%E5%8F%B2"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Git 简史</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E7%9A%84%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">版本控制的概念</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E6%BC%94%E5%8F%98%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B"><span class="toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">版本控制演变过程</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6"><span class="toc-number">1.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">本地版本控制</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%9B%86%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%96%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%EF%BC%88CVCS%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">1.3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">集中化版本控制（CVCS）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%EF%BC%88DVCS%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">1.3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">分布式版本控制（DVCS）</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8Git"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">使用Git</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Git%E5%B8%B8%E8%A7%81%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">Git常见命令</span></a></li></ol>
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        Git
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    <h2 id="初识Git"><a href="#初识Git" class="headerlink" title="初识Git"></a>初识Git</h2><h3 id="Git-简史"><a href="#Git-简史" class="headerlink" title="Git 简史"></a>Git 简史</h3><blockquote>
<p>Linux 内核项目组当时使用分布式版本控制系统 BitKeeper 来管理和维护代码。但是，后来开发 BitKeeper 的商业公司同 Linux 内核开源社区的合作关系结束，他们收回了 Linux 内核社区免费使用 BitKeeper 的权力。 Linux 开源社区（特别是 Linux 的缔造者 Linus Torvalds）基于使用 BitKeeper 时的经验教训，开发出自己的版本系统，而且对新的版本控制系统做了很多改进。</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="版本控制的概念"><a href="#版本控制的概念" class="headerlink" title="版本控制的概念"></a>版本控制的概念</h3><p>版本控制是一种记录一个或若干文件内容变化，以便将来查阅特定版本修订情况的系统。 除了项目源代码，你可以对任何类型的文件进行版本控制。</p>
<h3 id="版本控制演变过程"><a href="#版本控制演变过程" class="headerlink" title="版本控制演变过程"></a>版本控制演变过程</h3><h4 id="本地版本控制"><a href="#本地版本控制" class="headerlink" title="本地版本控制"></a>本地版本控制</h4><p>复制整个项目目录的方式来保存不同的版本，或许还会改名加上备份时间以示区别。 这么做唯一的好处就是简单，但是特别容易犯错。 有时候会混淆所在的工作目录，一不小心会写错文件或者覆盖意想外的文件。</p>
<p><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/35deb42ae8ff5b306c2ba4e3d00d5cd168db7d886d559f1dae18658b51ae8c64/68747470733a2f2f6d792d626c6f672d746f2d7573652e6f73732d636e2d6265696a696e672e616c6979756e63732e636f6d2f323031392d332f2545362539432541432545352539432542302545372538392538382545362539432541432545362538452541372545352538382542362545372542332542422545372542422539462e706e67" alt="img"></p>
<h4 id="集中化版本控制（CVCS）"><a href="#集中化版本控制（CVCS）" class="headerlink" title="集中化版本控制（CVCS）"></a>集中化版本控制（CVCS）</h4><p>集中化的版本控制系统都有一个单一的集中管理的服务器，保存所有文件的修订版本，而协同工作的人们都通过客户端连到这台服务器，取出最新的文件或者提交更新。</p>
<p><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/43fe7124f8d7a07928eba48e6d43a1db1e0900a64f5a1cebc0d0cba5166c614e/68747470733a2f2f6d792d626c6f672d746f2d7573652e6f73732d636e2d6265696a696e672e616c6979756e63732e636f6d2f323031392d332f2545392539422538362545342542382541442545352538432539362545372539412538342545372538392538382545362539432541432545362538452541372545352538382542362545372542332542422545372542422539462e706e67" alt="集中化的版本控制系统"></p>
<h4 id="分布式版本控制（DVCS）"><a href="#分布式版本控制（DVCS）" class="headerlink" title="分布式版本控制（DVCS）"></a>分布式版本控制（DVCS）</h4><p>Git 就是一个典型的分布式版本控制系统。这类系统，客户端并不只提取最新版本的文件快照，而是把代码仓库完整地镜像下来。</p>
<p><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/3b594612e29df0a4bbf4ec5f0e9e3a80b2af886e2dde03ad581c20eb51f9e370/68747470733a2f2f6d792d626c6f672d746f2d7573652e6f73732d636e2d6265696a696e672e616c6979756e63732e636f6d2f323031392d332f2545352538382538362545352542382538332545352542432538462545372538392538382545362539432541432545362538452541372545352538382542362545372542332542422545372542422539462e706e67" alt="分布式版本控制系统"></p>
<h2 id="使用Git"><a href="#使用Git" class="headerlink" title="使用Git"></a>使用Git</h2><ol>
<li><p>对此引入Git 项目的三个工作区域的概念：<strong>Git 仓库<code>(.git directory)</code><strong>、</strong>工作目录<code>(Working Directory)</code></strong> 以及 <strong>暂存区域<code>(Staging Area)</code></strong> 。</p>
</li>
<li><p>三个工作区域的联系</p>
<figure class="highlight txt"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">1.在工作目录中修改文件。</span><br><span class="line">2.暂存文件，将文件的快照放入暂存区域。</span><br><span class="line">3.提交更新，找到暂存区域的文件，将快照永久性存储到 Git 仓库目录。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/f1098f4f037c260fab8fc118b16f49a7eea935f073f35b840453c4457f7a278c/68747470733a2f2f6d792d626c6f672d746f2d7573652e6f73732d636e2d6265696a696e672e616c6979756e63732e636f6d2f323031392d3361726561732e706e67" alt="img"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>Git的三种状态：</p>
<ol>
<li><strong>已提交（committed）</strong>：数据已经安全的保存在本地数据库中。</li>
<li><strong>已修改（modified）</strong>：已修改表示修改了文件，但还没保存到数据库中。</li>
<li><strong>已暂存（staged）</strong>：表示对一个已修改文件的当前版本做了标记，使之包含在下次提交的快照中。</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="Git常见命令"><a href="#Git常见命令" class="headerlink" title="Git常见命令"></a>Git常见命令</h2><ul>
<li>初始化仓库：git init  directoryname</li>
<li>克隆仓库：git clone [url]</li>
<li>检测当前文件状态：git status</li>
<li>提交更新：git commit -m “代码提交信息”</li>
<li>移除文件：git rm filename  </li>
<li>关联到远程仓库： git remote add origin [url]</li>
<li>改动提交到远程仓库： git push origin master (master可以改成其他分支名)</li>
<li>远程仓库重命名：git remote rename test test1</li>
<li>移除远程仓库：git remote rm test1</li>
</ul>
<p>注意：更多命令建议去官网学习，如：</p>
<ol>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.runoob.com/git/git-tutorial.html">菜鸟教程</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://gitee.com/all-about-git">git命令大全</a></li>
</ol>

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    <p>作者: <a href="https://mihaoyou.gitee.io">
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